Accelerated Skin Aging

Accelerated skin aging is common, and it's important to understand some of the causes, in order to address them. Daily exposure to solar radiation contributes to cellular dysfunction within the skin. This results in accelerated skin aging (photoaging), and disturbances to the normal hormeostatic state of the skin. *Homeostasis: This is the condition of optimal functioning within your skin.

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Skin's Appearance & Evidence of Damage

Evidence of damage may appear in numerous ways. Chronological aging is characterized by thinning of the skin, which appears as dryness and wrinkles. UV-damaged skin has a thicker, leathery-like appearance with deeper wrinkles and pigmentation issues. (Source) Cellular NAD+ pools are lower in aged skin. Mitochondria are one of the primary targets of damage from chronological and UV-induced skin aging. (Source, Source)

Mitochondrial Dysfunction & Depletion of NAD+

An increase in oxidative stress contributes to the depletion of NAD+ and ATP (a molecule that carries energy within a cell). The damage contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in both the short-term & long-term, creating acumulative impact.

NAD+ Regulates Mitochondrial Maintenance

Mitochondrial maintenance through mitophagy (selectively eliminating the defective mitochondria) and mitochondrial biogenesis (synthesis and production of new mitochondria) is vital to cellular homeostasis and health. (Source) NAD+ regulates mitochrondrial maintenance. In this study, when levels of NAD+ in old mice were raised, their mitochondrial function was restored to that of young mice. (Source)

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Increasing NAD+ Levels in the Skin

Delivery of NAD+ through transdermal liposomal serums and lotions, is an optimal way to safely raise levels of NAD+ in the skin. In dermal fibroblasts (cells within the dermis), nicotinamide protects against oxidative stress, glycolisis, oxidative phosphorylation and increases mitochondrial efficiency. (Source) Low NAD+ levels are common in aging skin, and directly contribute to impairement in mitochondrial function and ATP production. Numerous factors contribute to the impaired hormeostatic state of the skin and numerous methods can be used to treat it. Targeted nutrient therapy with NAD+ and other active ingredients, delivered through transdermal liposomal skincare formulations, is one way to address numerous skin-aging issues. Raising NAD+ levels can create a positive cascading effect on numerous processes.